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NABL & ICMRAccreditedA Urine Routine test is a simple and non-invasive urine test that examines the different components of a urine sample. It includes a series of assessments to identify or quantify substances found in the urine. The Urine routine examination often involves the following assessments:
Physical Findings: A visual examination of the urine's physical properties such as colour and appearance.
Chemical Findings: Measurement of the chemical components of urine.
Microscopic Findings: Analysis of the urine sample under a microscope.
This test can detect a range of diseases even before symptoms appear. It is useful for diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other issues such as kidney problems, diabetes, and liver conditions. The Urine Routine test is often used in routine health examinations, upon hospital admission, before surgical procedures, or during pregnancy.
A Urine test consists of three components:
Physical Examination
This parameter is for assessing the colour and appearance of the urine. A normal urine sample is either colourless or pale yellow to dark amber based on how diluted it is. The urine sample is considered abnormal if its appearance changes to foamy or cloudy with a dark colour (tea or cola-like).
Microscopic Examination
This involves examining a small urine sample under the microscope and detecting substances that are not visible to the naked eye. This includes microbes like bacteria, parasites, and yeast, cells like epithelial cells, pus cells, red blood cells, mucus, urinary casts,
Chemical Examination
For chemical analysis, a chemical strip is used to dip in the urine and observe the colour change. The presence of substances at abnormal levels produces a colour change on the stick. Therefore, it is also known as a dipstick test. The chemical test helps detect urine parameters like pH, blood, proteins, nitrite, glucose, urine specific gravity, ketones, urobilinogen, leukocyte esterase, and bilirubin.
To prepare for the Urine routine examination, you should know the following:
Prerequisites
You may not be required to fast before a Urine Routine test. Just make sure to consume enough fluids to provide the necessary sample.
Best Time to Get Tested
Urine tests are generally performed at any time of day. However, your doctor might request a first-morning sample depending on the reason for testing. They will advise you if this applies to your case.
Who Should Take the Test
The Urine test can be taken by anyone for a routine medical checkup. Individuals experiencing symptoms of kidney disease or diabetes should take the test. The test can help diagnose a UTI, monitor an existing condition, assessment before surgery, or upon hospital admission
Cautions Before Taking the Test
Certain medications can affect the colour of urine, so it’s important to inform your doctor of any you are taking. Additionally, women should inform their doctor if they are menstruating before providing a sample, as this can affect test accuracy.
A Urine test in Noida can be performed for multiple reasons:
Symptom Evaluation: For individuals exhibiting symptoms of conditions like diabetes or kidney disease, the test helps diagnose these conditions. Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, blurring of vision, hunger, weight loss, nausea, and frequent urination. Kidney disease symptoms include tiredness, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, and unintended weight loss.
Monitoring of Ongoing Diseases and Treatment: The test monitors current health issues like diabetes or kidney disease that are under treatment.
Detection of UTI: A Urine Routine test helps in diagnosing urinary tract infections, which manifest as painful urination, lower abdominal or back pain, and frequent urination.
Assessment before Surgery: Before surgery, the test helps diagnose kidney diseases, poorly controlled diabetes, and UTIs.
Assessment During Pregnancy: For pregnant women, the test evaluates levels of sugar, proteins, ketones, and bacteria to check for bladder or kidney infections, dehydration, and preeclampsia.
Routine Health Checkup: Urine Routine tests are used during routine medical exams to screen for early signs of diseases such as kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disorders.
The results of a Urine routine examination can be interpreted as follows:
Visual Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Colour | Yellow | Tea/cola-coloured urine may indicate urinary system damage. |
| Appearance | Clear | Cloudy or foamy urine may indicate infections and kidney problems, respectively. |
| Volume | 800 to 2,000 ml/day | Dehydration, reduced fluid intake, and certain chronic kidney diseases can decrease urine volume. Meanwhile, increased urine volume may be caused by conditions such as diabetes mellitus, increased fluid intake, certain kidney diseases, or the use of diuretic medications. |
Microscopic Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Epithelial Cells | 0-2 /hpf | Increased values in urine may signal UTI, inflammation, or cancer. |
| Pus Cells | 0-5 /hpf | Elevated values may indicate UTI. |
| RBCs | 0-2 /hpf | Increased values may indicate anticoagulant therapy, bleeding disorders, or past traumatic catheterisation. |
| Mucus | Nil | Presence indicative of a UTI. |
| Uric Acid Crystals | Nil | The presence of these indicates kidney stones or a risk of kidney stones. |
| Phosphate Crystals | Nil | As above |
| Calcium Oxalate Crystals | Nil | As above |
| Amorphous Urates | Nil | As above |
| Amorphous Phosphates | Nil | As above |
| Granular Casts | Nil | Presence may indicate acute glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. |
| Hyaline Casts | Nil | Presence is normal and might result from strenuous exercise or non-renal conditions like dehydration. |
| Yeast | Nil | The presence may indicate a yeast infection or a contaminated sample. |
| Bacteria | Nil | The presence may indicate a UTI. |
| Parasites | Nil | The presence may indicate trichomoniasis. |
Chemical Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Bilirubin | Nil | Elevated values may suggest liver diseases or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. |
| Blood | Negative | Same as RBCs in microscopic findings. |
| Glucose | Nil | Presence may indicate kidney disorders, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hormonal issues, or pregnancy. |
| Ketones | Nil | Presence is observed in physical exercise, starvation, severe vomiting, cold exposure, and uncontrolled diabetes. |
| Nitrites | Negative | Elevated values might be due to bacterial nitrate reductase suggestive of bacterial cystitis. |
| pH | 5.0-8.0 | High values may indicate conditions such as kidney issues and UTIs and low values may suggest conditions like diabetes-related ketoacidosis and diarrhoea. |
| Protein | Nil | Elevated levels may indicate dehydration, kidney disorders, heart failure, or transplant rejection. |
| Specific Gravity | 1.001-1.035 | Abnormal results potentially indicate various health conditions. Increased urine specific gravity may be due to conditions such as dehydration, high sodium levels in the blood, heart failure, glucose in the urine, Addison disease, renal artery stenosis, shock, and syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Decreased urine specific gravity may be caused by drinking too much fluid, low sodium levels in the blood, kidney failure, severe kidney infection (pyelonephritis), damage to kidney tubule cells (renal tubular necrosis), and diabetes insipidus. |
| Urobilinogen | Normal | Increased values may result from liver diseases, haemolysis, megaloblastic anaemia, or tissue haemorrhage. |
| Leucocyte Esterase | Negative | Presence detects esterase enzyme released from the granules of leucocytes. |
Find the Test: Search for the Urine Routine Test in Noida or at home and click on Orange Health’s listing.
Review and Proceed: Select the test, review prerequisites, enter your address details, and confirm your booking by choosing a convenient time slot for sample collection.
Sample Collection: Our proficient eMedic will arrive during your chosen time slot to collect the sample from your location.
Laboratory Processing: The collected sample will be dispatched to our NABL-accredited and ICMR-approved labs for examination.
Results Delivery: Your reports will be delivered to you via email or WhatsApp within 6 hours and will also be accessible through our app.
Wash your hands properly using soap and warm water.
Clean the urethra and begin urinating.
Collect the sample by placing a sterile cup in the midstream.
Take the urine sample until the cup is filled.
Secure the cup with a lid and provide the sample to the eMedic.
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