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NABL & ICMRAccreditedThe Urine Routine test is a non-invasive method for evaluating various parameters of a urine sample both physically and chemically. This test involves the identification of some parameters and the measurement of various substances in the urine. Doctors typically assess urine for the following:
Physical Analysis: The analysis of physical aspects like colour and appearance of the urine.
Microscopy: Microscopic examination of the urine sample.
Chemical Analysis: Measurement of chemical substances in the urine.
This test is effective in detecting many diseases before they show symptoms. It helps in identifying urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, and liver disorders. The Urine Routine test is commonly performed during routine checkups, hospital admissions, preoperative evaluations, or during pregnancy.
A Urine routine examination involves three main parameters:
Microscopic Examination
This parameter assesses a small sample of urine that is analysed under a microscope to detect substances not visible to the naked eye. The assessment is useful for detecting cells (red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pus cells), microbes (bacteria, yeast, and parasites), urine crystals, urinary casts, and amorphous phosphates.
Physical Examination
This involves evaluating the urine’s colour and appearance. Normal urine ranges in colour from pale yellow to amber, based on its concentration. Urine that is cloudy, foamy, or dark like tea or cola may point to health issues.
Chemical Examination
The chemical analysis of the Urine test is also known as the dipstick test. This method uses a thin plastic stick with chemical strips that change colour when in contact with urine, indicating the presence of substances above normal levels. The chemical strips can be used to detect substances like urinary pH, blood, urobilinogen, urine specific gravity, leukocyte esterase, ketones, bilirubin, and urinary proteins.
Here is an overview of how you should prepare for a Urine test:
Prerequisites
Fasting is not necessary for the Urine test. However, one should maintain adequate fluid intake to be able to provide the required urine sample.
Best Time to Get Tested
The Urine test can usually be done at any time of the day. Your doctor might ask for a first-morning urine sample depending on the test’s purpose. If so, they will notify you.
Who Should Take the Test
Anyone can undergo a Urine test for reasons like diagnosing new conditions like UTIs, diabetes, and kidney disorders, monitoring existing conditions, and routine health evaluations, before surgery, and upon hospitalization. One can also opt for the testing if they experience symptoms of diabetes or kidney diseases.
Cautions Before Taking Urine Test
Women should also inform their doctor if they are menstruating before the test, as menstrual blood and discharge can interfere with results. Some medications can change urine colour, so it is essential to inform your doctor about any medicines that you are taking.
A Urine test in Mumbai can be conducted for several reasons. Here is an explanation of some reasons to get tested:
Diagnosing Symptoms: For those with symptoms of diabetes or kidney disease, the test aids in diagnosing the underlying condition. Diabetes symptoms may include increased thirst, weight loss, blurred vision, hunger, fatigue, and frequent urination. Symptoms of kidney disease include appetite loss, fatigue, headaches, dry skin, nausea, and unintended weight loss.
Diagnosing of UTI: A urine routine examination can be done to detect urinary tract infections, which often have symptoms like frequent urination, painful urination, lower abdominal pain, and back pain.
Monitoring Chronic Conditions: The test helps monitor ongoing health issues like diabetes or kidney disease.
Routine Examinations: They are part of routine health screenings to catch early indicators of kidney disease, diabetes, or liver problems.
Pre-Surgery Screening: Before surgery, the test helps identify kidney diseases, poorly managed diabetes, and UTIs.
Pregnancy Testing: In pregnant women, it checks for elevated levels of sugar, protein, ketones, and bacteria to assess for dehydration, preeclampsia, and bladder or kidney infections.
To interpret the results of the Urine Routine test, refer to the tables given below:
Visual Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Colour | Yellow | Tea/cola-coloured urine may indicate urinary system damage. |
| Appearance | Clear | Cloudy or foamy urine may indicate infections and kidney problems, respectively. |
| Volume | 800 to 2,000 ml/day | Dehydration, reduced fluid intake, and certain chronic kidney diseases can decrease urine volume. Meanwhile, increased urine volume may be caused by conditions such as diabetes mellitus, increased fluid intake, certain kidney diseases, or the use of diuretic medications. |
Microscopic Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Epithelial Cells | 0-2 /hpf | Increased values in urine may signal UTI, inflammation, or cancer. |
| Pus Cells | 0-5 /hpf | Elevated values may indicate UTI. |
| RBCs | 0-2 /hpf | Increased values may indicate anticoagulant therapy, bleeding disorders, or past traumatic catheterisation. |
| Mucus | Nil | Presence indicative of a UTI. |
| Uric Acid Crystals | Nil | The presence of these indicates kidney stones or a risk of kidney stones. |
| Phosphate Crystals | Nil | As above |
| Calcium Oxalate Crystals | Nil | As above |
| Amorphous Urates | Nil | As above |
| Amorphous Phosphates | Nil | As above |
| Granular Casts | Nil | Presence may indicate acute glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. |
| Hyaline Casts | Nil | Presence is normal and might result from strenuous exercise or non-renal conditions like dehydration. |
| Yeast | Nil | The presence may indicate a yeast infection or a contaminated sample. |
| Bacteria | Nil | The presence may indicate a UTI. |
| Parasites | Nil | The presence may indicate trichomoniasis. |
Chemical Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Bilirubin | Nil | Elevated values may suggest liver diseases or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. |
| Blood | Negative | Same as RBCs in microscopic findings. |
| Glucose | Nil | Presence may indicate kidney disorders, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hormonal issues, or pregnancy. |
| Ketones | Nil | Presence is observed in physical exercise, starvation, severe vomiting, cold exposure, and uncontrolled diabetes. |
| Nitrites | Negative | Elevated values might be due to bacterial nitrate reductase suggestive of bacterial cystitis. |
| pH | 5.0-8.0 | High values may indicate conditions such as kidney issues and UTIs and low values may suggest conditions like diabetes-related ketoacidosis and diarrhoea. |
| Protein | Nil | Elevated levels may indicate dehydration, kidney disorders, heart failure, or transplant rejection. |
| Specific Gravity | 1.001-1.035 | Abnormal results potentially indicate various health conditions. Increased urine specific gravity may be due to conditions such as dehydration, high sodium levels in the blood, heart failure, glucose in the urine, Addison disease, renal artery stenosis, shock, and syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Decreased urine specific gravity may be caused by drinking too much fluid, low sodium levels in the blood, kidney failure, severe kidney infection (pyelonephritis), damage to kidney tubule cells (renal tubular necrosis), and diabetes insipidus. |
| Urobilinogen | Normal | Increased values may result from liver diseases, haemolysis, megaloblastic anaemia, or tissue haemorrhage. |
| Leucocyte Esterase | Negative | Presence detects esterase enzyme released from the granules of leucocytes. |
Find the Test: Search for the Urine Routine Test in Hyderabad or at home and click on Orange Health’s listing.
Review and Proceed: Select the test, review prerequisites, enter your address details, and confirm your booking by choosing a convenient time slot for sample collection.
Sample Collection: Our proficient eMedic will arrive during your chosen time slot to collect the sample from your location.
Laboratory Processing: The collected sample will be dispatched to our NABL-accredited and ICMR-approved labs for examination.
Results Delivery: Your reports will be delivered to you via email or WhatsApp within 6 hours and will also be accessible through our app.
Wash Your Hands: Begin by thoroughly washing your hands with warm water and soap.
Clean the Area: Clean the urethral opening, which is the tip of the penis or the vulva and vaginal area.
Start Urinating: Begin to urinate as usual, and then pause briefly.
Collect Midstream Urine: Place a sterile cup in a position to catch the midstream urine without touching your skin.
Continue Urinating: Fill the cup with urine while finishing the urination process.
Secure the Sample: Close the lid of the cup tightly and get ready to hand over the sample for testing.
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