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NABL & ICMRAccreditedA Urine Routine test is a simple, non-invasive test designed to assess various components of a urine sample. It involves a range of evaluations to detect or quantify different substances present in the urine. Typically, the test covers:
Chemical Analysis of Urine: Analysis of the urine’s chemical makeup.
Physical Analysis of Urine: A visual examination of the urine for its colour and appearance.
Microscopic Findings: The examination of the urine sample under a microscope.
This test can diagnose various diseases at an early stage even before the development of the symptoms. It is essential for identifying urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other conditions such as disorders of the liver, and kidney, as well as diabetes. It is often conducted during routine health checkups, pregnancy, before surgery for pre-surgical checkups, and during hospitalizations.
A Urine Test consists of three components, each assessing different parameters:
Physical Examination
This includes an examination of urine for colour and appearance. Normal urine colour typically varies within shades of yellow, ranging from colourless or pale yellow to deep amber, depending on the concentration or dilution of the urine. Cloudy, foamy or tea/cola-coloured urine may indicate health problems.
Microscopic Examination
This includes an examination of a small urine sample under a microscope to identify substances not normally present and invisible to the naked eye. These substances can include red blood cells (RBCs), epithelial cells, pus cells, mucus, urinary casts, amorphous phosphates, bacteria, yeasts, parasites, or crystals formed from chemicals in the urine.
Chemical Examination
Also referred to as a dipstick test, this examination involves using a thin plastic stick with chemical strips attached. When dipped into the urine, these strips change colour if certain substances are present at levels above normal. A dipstick test can check for a variety of parameters, including bilirubin, glucose, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, urine specific gravity, ketones, urine pH level, proteins, blood, and urobilinogen.
To prepare for a Urine Test, consider the following:
Prerequisites
Fasting may not be required before a Urine Test. Just ensure to drink sufficient fluids beforehand to produce the required sample.
Best Time to Get Tested
A Urine Test can generally be conducted at any time of the day. In specific cases, a first-morning urine sample might be required based on the test’s purpose. This shall be informed by your treating doctor.
Who Should Take the Test
Anyone can schedule a Urine Test for reasons such as routine health checks, symptoms of diabetes or kidney disease, ongoing condition monitoring, diagnosing UTIs, hospital admission, or pre-surgical evaluations.
Cautions Before Taking the Test
Medication intake can affect urine colour, so it’s important to inform your doctor about any medications you may be taking. Women should also notify their doctor if they are menstruating, as this can impact the accuracy of the test.
A Urine Test in Hyderabad is important for several reasons like:
Routine Medical Exams: It’s used in regular health checkups to detect early signs of kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease.
Symptom Investigation: For those showing symptoms of conditions like diabetes or kidney disease, the test helps in diagnosing the condition. Diabetes symptoms include increased thirst, blurred vision, hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, and fatigue. Kidney disease symptoms include fatigue, headaches, loss of appetite, dry and itchy skin, nausea, and unintended weight loss.
Monitoring Treatment: The test is useful for monitoring existing health conditions like diabetes or kidney disease that are currently being managed.
Diagnosing UTI: It can diagnose urinary tract infections, which present symptoms such as painful urination, increased urge to urinate, and lower abdominal and back pain.
Surgical Preparation: Before surgery, the test helps diagnose kidney diseases, poorly controlled diabetes, and UTIs.
Health Checkup During Pregnancy: In pregnant women, the test checks for high levels of sugar, and the presence of substances like proteins, ketones, and bacteria to evaluate for dehydration, bladder or kidney infections, and preeclampsia.
Below is the interpretation of Urine Routine test results:
Visual Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Colour | Yellow | Tea/cola-coloured urine may indicate urinary system damage. |
| Appearance | Clear | Cloudy or foamy urine may indicate infections and kidney problems, respectively. |
| Volume | 800 to 2,000 ml/day | Dehydration, reduced fluid intake, and certain chronic kidney diseases can decrease urine volume. Meanwhile, increased urine volume may be caused by conditions such as diabetes mellitus, increased fluid intake, certain kidney diseases, or the use of diuretic medications. |
Microscopic Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Epithelial Cells | 0-2 /hpf | Increased values in urine may signal UTI, inflammation, or cancer. |
| Pus Cells | 0-5 /hpf | Elevated values may indicate UTI. |
| RBCs | 0-2 /hpf | Increased values may indicate anticoagulant therapy, bleeding disorders, or past traumatic catheterisation. |
| Mucus | Nil | Presence indicative of a UTI. |
| Uric Acid Crystals | Nil | The presence of these indicates kidney stones or a risk of kidney stones. |
| Phosphate Crystals | Nil | As above |
| Calcium Oxalate Crystals | Nil | As above |
| Amorphous Urates | Nil | As above |
| Amorphous Phosphates | Nil | As above |
| Granular Casts | Nil | Presence may indicate acute glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. |
| Hyaline Casts | Nil | Presence is normal and might result from strenuous exercise or non-renal conditions like dehydration. |
| Yeast | Nil | The presence may indicate a yeast infection or a contaminated sample. |
| Bacteria | Nil | The presence may indicate a UTI. |
| Parasites | Nil | The presence may indicate trichomoniasis. |
Chemical Examination
| Results | Normal Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Bilirubin | Nil | Elevated values may suggest liver diseases or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. |
| Blood | Negative | Same as RBCs in microscopic findings. |
| Glucose | Nil | Presence may indicate kidney disorders, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hormonal issues, or pregnancy. |
| Ketones | Nil | Presence is observed in physical exercise, starvation, severe vomiting, cold exposure, and uncontrolled diabetes. |
| Nitrites | Negative | Elevated values might be due to bacterial nitrate reductase suggestive of bacterial cystitis. |
| pH | 5.0-8.0 | High values may indicate conditions such as kidney issues and UTIs and low values may suggest conditions like diabetes-related ketoacidosis and diarrhoea. |
| Protein | Nil | Elevated levels may indicate dehydration, kidney disorders, heart failure, or transplant rejection. |
| Specific Gravity | 1.001-1.035 | Abnormal results potentially indicate various health conditions. Increased urine specific gravity may be due to conditions such as dehydration, high sodium levels in the blood, heart failure, glucose in the urine, Addison disease, renal artery stenosis, shock, and syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Decreased urine specific gravity may be caused by drinking too much fluid, low sodium levels in the blood, kidney failure, severe kidney infection (pyelonephritis), damage to kidney tubule cells (renal tubular necrosis), and diabetes insipidus. |
| Urobilinogen | Normal | Increased values may result from liver diseases, haemolysis, megaloblastic anaemia, or tissue haemorrhage. |
| Leucocyte Esterase | Negative | Presence detects esterase enzyme released from the granules of leucocytes. |
Find the Test: Search for the Urine Routine Test in Hyderabad or at home and click on Orange Health’s listing.
Review and Proceed: Select the test, review prerequisites, enter your address details, and confirm your booking by choosing a convenient time slot for sample collection.
Sample Collection: Our proficient eMedic will arrive during your chosen time slot to collect the sample from your location.
Laboratory Processing: The collected sample will be dispatched to our NABL-accredited and ICMR-approved labs for examination.
Results Delivery: Your reports will be delivered to you via email or WhatsApp within 6 hours and will also be accessible through our app.
Hand Hygiene: First, wash your hands thoroughly with warm, soapy water.
Cleanse the Urethral Area: Clean the urethral opening, focusing on the head of the penis or the vulva and vaginal area.
Begin Urination: Start urinating normally, then pause.
Collect the Sample Midstream: Carefully place a sterile collection cup to catch the midstream flow without making contact with the skin.
Complete Urination: Fill the collection cup while you finish urinating.
Seal the Sample: Secure the lid on the cup tightly and prepare the sample for submission.
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