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    What is Complement 3 (C3) Level Test?

    A C3 complement test checks how well your immune system is functioning by measuring the level of the C3 protein in your blood. This protein is a crucial part of the complement system, which defends your body against bacteria and viruses. However, sometimes the complement system malfunctions and attacks healthy cells, contributing to autoimmune diseases. This test is valuable in diagnosing multiple conditions. If you exhibit symptoms of autoimmune diseases such as lupus or experience recurrent infections and inflammation, it can provide significant insights. It also helps in monitoring the effectiveness of treatments for diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. C3 proteins assist in clearing infections and promoting healing.

    Low C3 levels may indicate immune dysfunction, possibly caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or other health complications. Doctors often perform a C3 test alongside a C4 test to detect complement system abnormalities. This helps diagnose conditions like kidney disease, vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis. If you are in Hyderabad, taking a C3 blood test can help assess your immune system’s function, giving a better understanding of overall health and guiding treatment decisions.

    Complement 3 (C3) Level Test Parameters

    The C3 test measures a single parameter: the concentration of C3 complement protein in the bloodstream. This protein is produced by the liver and circulates in the blood, where it plays a critical role in immune defence by attacking pathogens. As part of the complement system, C3 works within a group of proteins, C1 to C9, that activate in sequence when a pathogen invades. This activation results in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), a structure that disrupts the pathogen’s cell wall, leading to its destruction. This test helps determine if the complement system is operating correctly. C3, along with C4, is one of the most commonly measured complement proteins. If test results are abnormal, further tests may be needed to examine other complement proteins. Total complement activity (CH50 or CH100) assesses the function of the entire complement system from C1 to C9. If CH50 is abnormal, additional tests can identify specific deficiencies.

    Complement 3 (C3) Level Test Preparation

    Before taking a C3 test at home, consider these important details:

    Prerequisites

    Fasting is not required for this test.

    Best Time to Get Tested

    You can take the C3 test at any time that suits you.

    Who Should Get a C3 Test?

    This test is generally advised for those experiencing frequent infections, inflammation, fatigue, or joint pain. It is particularly useful in diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and kidney-related conditions.

    Cautions Before Taking C3 Test

    There are no specific precautions or preparations needed before taking this test.

    Why Take the Complement 3 (C3) Level Test?

    A C3 complement test is commonly performed for:

    • Diagnosing autoimmune diseases like lupus, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells.

    • Investigating unexplained inflammation or swelling , which could indicate an immune system issue.

    • Assessing the immune response in cases of recurrent bacterial infections.

    • Monitoring chronic conditions such as vasculitis (blood vessel inflammation) and glomerulonephritis (kidney problems).

    • Evaluating treatment effectiveness for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

    • Tracking disease progression in rare autoimmune disorders , where lower complement levels suggest worsening symptoms.

    This test helps doctors understand immune function and tailor treatments accordingly.

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    References

    1. C3 Complement Blood Test: What It Is, Procedure & Results [Internet]. 2. Complement Blood Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test [Internet].  Available from:  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22138-c3-complement-blood-test
    2. Complement | Pathology Tests Explained [Internet].  Available from:  https://www.pathologytestsexplained.org.au/ptests-pro.php?q=Complement
    3. Haddad A, Wilson AM. Biochemistry, Complement [Internet].  Available from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544229/