What does low HDL cholesterol mean?

Low HDL cholesterol suggests reduced protection against heart disease. HDL, known as "good cholesterol," helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and prevents plaque formation in arteries. Levels below 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women are considered low and may increase cardiovascular risk. Improving HDL levels through regular exercise, a healthy diet, and avoiding smoking can enhance heart health.