The liver is the human body’s largest organ. It executes numerous vital functions crucial for overall health and longevity. Many important body processes like breaking down food, storing energy, and removing toxins are carried out by the liver. It also helps regulate blood sugar, controls cholesterol levels, and handles protein metabolism.

Liver issues often progress silently, displaying no apparent symptoms during the initial phases. This is why routine full body check-ups are important as they focus on basic assessments and comprehensive annual screenings that evaluate all aspects of health, including liver function, through various tests like x-rays, ultrasound, and blood screenings.

Understanding the Liver’s Role in Health

The liver is a complex organ that undergoes careful regulation to perform its functions properly. It signals the hormones in your body that guide your growth and development and manage their pathways. A few notable functions it performs that affect the overall health of our body are:   

• Producing bile for digestion and creating albumin, a protein essential for transporting substances in the blood. 
• Processing bilirubin to prevent jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes. 
• Removing toxins from the body, including alcohol and medications. 
• Playing a role in immune responses by identifying and destroying harmful organisms. 
• Regulating blood sugar levels by supplying glucose when needed and removing excess glucose from the blood. 

The Impact of Liver Dysfunction on Health 

As described earlier, your liver plays a vital role in filtering toxins from your blood, but excessive exposure to toxins can overwhelm it, affecting its function. Chronic liver disease, caused by factors like viral infections, toxin exposure, and metabolic disorders, is the gradual damage of the liver’s ability to regenerate and function properly. Liver dysfunction can give rise to various health issues due to its vital role in numerous physiological processes. These include: 

• Metabolic disorders: Liver dysfunction can disrupt metabolic processes, leading to imbalances in blood sugar levels, cholesterol levels, and fat metabolism. This can contribute to conditions like diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. 
• Jaundice: Dysfunction in processing bilirubin, a waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells, can result in jaundice, characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes.
• Digestive issues: Liver dysfunction can lead to digestive issues because it affects bile production. Bile, made by the liver, helps with digestion. If the liver doesn’t produce enough bile, it can cause problems like indigestion, bloating, and difficulty absorbing nutrients.
• Hepatic encephalopathy: When your liver doesn’t filter toxins properly, these harmful substances stay in your bloodstream and can reach your brain, causing potential damage. This condition is known as hepatic encephalopathy. This impacts your brain and how you think, feel, and behave.
• Compromised immune function: The liver plays a crucial role in immune system function. Dysfunction can weaken the body’s ability to fight off infections and may increase susceptibility to illnesses.
• Liver failure: Severe liver dysfunction can progress to liver failure, a life-threatening condition characterized by the loss of liver function and potential multi-organ failure. 

Despite the remarkable ability of the liver to repair and regenerate itself, once significant damage has occurred, it can lead to complications such as liver failure, liver cancer, or even death. This is why early detection of liver disease is crucial as it can prevent irreversible damage. Liver function tests, also known as a liver panel come in handy in detecting such issues. These tests analyze a blood sample to measure various substances produced by the liver to diagnose underlying diseases or symptoms affecting the liver.

Comprehensive Liver Function Tests in Full Body Checkups 

Liver function tests are part of a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) ordered during routine full-body checkups to screen for liver and other health conditions. Liver function tests usually comprise: 

• Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) 
• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 
• Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) 
• Serum bilirubin 
• International normalized ratio (INR) and Prothrombin time (PT) 
• Total protein 
• Albumin 

These tests can indicate which part of the liver might be damaged and, based on how the levels are elevated, can help narrow down the possible causes. If ALT and AST levels are higher compared to alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, it suggests damage to liver cells. If alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels are higher compared to ALT and AST, it indicates a problem with bile flow. The liver’s function can also be assessed by its ability to make albumin and clotting factors dependent on vitamin K.

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Key Indicators Checked in Liver Function Tests 

The key indicators measured in liver function tests are: 

• Bilirubin: Bilirubin is produced by the liver when it breaks down old red blood cells. Elevated levels may indicate liver dysfunction or obstruction of bile ducts. Total bilirubin consists of both indirect and direct bilirubin. When total bilirubin levels are abnormal, it’s important to measure both direct and indirect bilirubin levels. For adults, normal values are generally:

-Total bilirubin: Between 0.3 and 1.0 mg/dL 

-Direct (conjugated) bilirubin: Between 0.0 and 0.3 mg/dL 

-Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin: Between 0.2 and 0.8 mg/dL 

• SGOT: AST, also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), is a liver enzyme produced by liver cells, and elevated levels in the bloodstream indicate liver cell damage.  
• SGPT: The SGPT test, or ALT test, evaluates Alanine Transaminase levels in the blood, an enzyme produced by the liver, and is a standard part of liver function testing. High levels of ALT in the blood are a sign of liver damage 
• Alkaline Phosphatase Test: An enzyme found in the liver, bones, and bile ducts. Elevated levels may indicate liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or bone disorders.
• GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase is an enzyme found in the liver, bile ducts, and kidneys. Elevated levels may indicate liver disease, alcohol abuse, or bile duct obstruction.

• Total Protein and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio: The total protein and A/G ratio test is commonly included in a comprehensive metabolic panel, which checks various substances in the blood and aids in diagnosing kidney or liver issues.
• SGOT/SGPT ratio: An SGOT/SGPT ratio greater than 2 is indicative of alcoholic liver disease, commonly found in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Preventive Measures for Liver Health 

Your liver’s function might not be your main concern, but once it malfunctions, it becomes a primary focus. Hence, here’s a list of strategies to prevent liver disease to ensure optimal liver health:

• Limit alcohol intake: Even moderate alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage. 
• Avoid toxins: Wash produce thoroughly and be cautious with exposure to pesticides and other chemicals. 
• Get vaccinated: Protect against hepatitis A and B through vaccination and practice safe sex to prevent hepatitis B and C transmission. 
• Be cautious with medications and supplements: Many drugs and supplements can harm the liver, so consult with healthcare professionals. 
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet to prevent fatty liver disease associated with obesity. 

Along with preventive measures early treatment can effectively manage common liver diseases. Finding chronic liver disease early and providing treatment tailored to each person’s risks is the most effective way to prevent it. Timely recognition of the risk and appropriate treatment can often interrupt the progression of fibrosis towards cirrhosis in most patients. 

Introduction to Health Checkup Packages 

Feeling at risk of getting a liver disease? If you’re in search of a reliable partner to get your liver function tests done, Orange Health is your answer. With our comprehensive and affordable full body checkup health packages and more than 10,00,000 tests done, we ensure you a hassle-free experience. And the bonus point is we collect your samples right at your doorstep! Our tests cover all the important parameters required to assess your liver health accurately and we make sure reports reach you within 6 hours of testing. Book your test with Orange Health Labs today.

Conclusion: 

Liver function tests are crucial in assessing overall health, detecting liver diseases early, and preventing irreversible damage. Routine full-body checkups can identify issues like liver dysfunction, enabling timely intervention. Starting regular check-ups and relying on complete health packages like those provided by Orange Health not only reduces the chance of liver disease but also helps find and treat any issues early on, giving the support and guidance you need to take care of your overall health.