What are the causes of thyroid hormone imbalances?

Thyroid hormone imbalances can be caused by various conditions. Hypothyroidism is often linked to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include iodine deficiency, thyroid surgery, or damage from radiation therapy. Hyperthyroidism can result from Graves’ disease, an overactive thyroid nodule, or excessive iodine intake. Medications such as lithium or amiodarone can also affect thyroid function. Understanding the underlying cause of thyroid imbalance is crucial for effective treatment, which may include hormone replacement therapy or medications to control hormone production.